- Entry
- Stock receipt, 20 ampoules
- Batch and expiry
- AB1234, 31/03/2028
- Recorded by
- R. Shah, Pharmacy technicianSigned 08:47
- Witnessed by
- L. Mensah, PharmacistSigned 08:49
Acute-CDThe electronic controlled drugs register for healthcare organisations
Say goodbye to paper CD registers
Controlled drug records are still largely manual, paper-based and fragmented. Acute-CD records each controlled drug from pharmacy goods-in to the patient, digitally. CD management never looked so good.
Controlled drug register
Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL solution for injection ampoules
Ward 12, CD cupboard
| Date and time | Received from, supplied to or patient | Qty in | Qty out | Batch | Made by | Witnessed by | Balance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brought forward from page 13 | 4 | ||||||
2 Nov 202608:12 | Received from pharmacyRequisition R-2291, porter hand-over signed | 10 | none | MS2417exp 08/2028 | J. ReyesStaff nurse | L. HaddadSigned 08:14 | 14 |
2 Nov 202610:40 | Administered, bed 7Hospital number ending 3381 | none | 1 | MS2417 | A. OseiStaff nurse | J. ReyesSigned 10:41 | 13 |
2 Nov 202614:05 | Administered, bed 35mg given, 5mg wasted and witnessed | none | 1 | MS2417 | L. HaddadCharge nurse | A. OseiSigned 14:06 | 12 |
2 Nov 202622:00 | Stock check12 counted, matches the balance | none | none | MS2417 | A. OseiStaff nurse | L. HaddadSigned 22:03 | 12 |
Illustrative register data
Why Acute-CD
The problem with paper CD registers
Medicines safety processes, especially for controlled drugs, are still largely manual, paper-based and fragmented. That leads to inefficiency, delays and medicines-related errors.
- 2,899 unaccounted lossesof controlled drugs reported to Controlled Drugs Accountable Officers in England in 2018/19.1
- 1,387 reportsof controlled drugs lost, stolen or missing in 2018/19.2
- 43% of the timetaken to dispense a controlled drug went on the register entry and the stock balance check, in one UK hospital pharmacy.3
What changes with Acute-CD
- Fewer trips and phone callsPorters no longer carry CD books to pharmacy, and nurses no longer phone pharmacy to order or chase.
- A live balanceThe running balance is always up to date, so discrepancies surface quickly. No more combing through paper CD registers: incident management never felt so good.
- A more robust audit trailEvery entry is signed by a named member of staff and timed, so there’s no more deciphering handwriting or initials.
- Less friction between teamsLess paperwork and less chasing for nursing and pharmacy staff.
- No register books to buyNo CD register or requisition books to order, store or replace.
- PaperlessBetter for the environment, with nothing to file or archive on paper.
Sources
- Care Quality Commission, The safer management of controlled drugs: annual update 2018, July 2019.
- NHS England CD reporting tool, via FOI, reported in The Pharmaceutical Journal, 8 November 2019.
- O’Kane A et al., Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, “Automated dispensing systems for the safe management of controlled drugs”, Hospital Healthcare Europe, 25 February 2023.
The route
Every movement of a controlled drug, from the supplier to the patient
Each stop is an entry on the register, signed by the person handing over and the person receiving. Choose a stop to see its entry.
Stop 1 of 8
Supplier
A CD order is placed with the wholesaler. When the delivery arrives, pharmacy checks it against the order before it goes on the register.
- Ordered
- 2 packs of 10 ampoules
- From
- WholesalerDelivery note DN-55021
CD Register: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection
Stop 2 of 8
Pharmacy goods-in
The delivery is counted and entered on the register for this product in this cupboard. Batch, expiry and brand are recorded once, here, and travel with the stock.
CD Register: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection
Stop 3 of 8
Ward 12 requisition, approved
Ward 12 asks for stock in Acute-CD instead of the carbonless requisition book, and a pharmacist approves it.
- Requested
- 10 ampoules for Ward 12
- Ward stock now
- 4 ampoules
- Requested by
- J. Byrne, Ward managerSigned 07:40
- Approved by
- L. Mensah, PharmacistSigned 09:05
CD Register: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection
Stop 4 of 8
Picked and issued
Ten ampoules from batch AB1234 are picked against the requisition, checked by a second person, and issued. The pharmacy page goes down by exactly what left the cupboard.
- Entry
- Issue to Ward 12Against R-20418
- Quantity
- 10 ampoules, batch AB1234
- Picked by
- R. Shah, Pharmacy technicianSigned 09:20
- Checked by
- L. Mensah, PharmacistSigned 09:31
CD Register: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection
Stop 5 of 8
The porter signs for the bag
Pharmacy hands the sealed bag over and the porter signs for it, with their own login. The requisition’s status updates to ‘in transit’, so everyone stays in the loop.
- Handed over by
- R. Shah, Pharmacy technicianSigned 09:41
- Received by
- T. Adeyemi, PorterSigned 09:41
- Bag
- Sealed, tag 00441710 ampoules, batch AB1234
Stop 6 of 8
Ward 12 books it in
Two approved members of staff open the bag, count it, and book it into the register for Ward 12’s CD cupboard.
- Entry
- Received from pharmacyR-20418, tag 004417
- Quantity
- 10 ampoules, batch AB1234
- Recorded by
- S. Kowalski, Registered nurseSigned 10:06
- Witnessed by
- M. Oduya, Registered nurseSigned 10:06
CD Register: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection
Stop 7 of 8
Administered to a named patient
One ampoule is drawn up for a prescribed 5 mg dose. The entry names the patient, the dose given and the amount left over, and the witness signs for what they saw.
- Patient
- Jane DoeHospital number 1234567
- Dose given
- 5 mg (0.5 mL) intravenousFrom 1 ampoule, batch AB1234
- Given by
- S. Kowalski, Registered nurseSigned 14:30
- Witnessed by
- M. Oduya, Registered nurseSigned 14:31
CD Register: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection
Stop 8 of 8
Wastage recorded
The 5 mg left in the ampoule is recorded as wastage, denatured, and witnessed as a new entry against the patient’s administration.
- Entry
- Wastage, denaturedLinked to the 14:30 administration
- Amount
- 5 mg in 0.5 mLCD denaturing kit
- Recorded by
- S. Kowalski, Registered nurseSigned 14:33
- Witnessed by
- M. Oduya, Registered nurseSigned 14:33
CD Register: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection
Second signatures
Every witness signs as themselves
Every entry that needs a witness is signed with the witness’s own credentials: their own login, not a typed name or a tick in a box.
Registered nurse, signed in as themselves
A second registered professional, with their own login
Signed, not named
A witness proves who they are at the moment of signing. The entry carries a signature, not a name someone typed.
No shared logins
Signing as the witness doesn’t sign anyone out of the shared PC, so the person who made the entry stays where they were.
The same rule everywhere
Receipts, administrations, wastage, destruction and stock checks all follow it, on every clinical area.
The clinical area’s view
Ward 12 can see where its order is, without phoning pharmacy
Every requisition moves through the same six stages, in order. Each is stamped with who moved it and when.
Requisition R-20418
Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection, 10 ampoules
Pharmacy to Ward 12
Current stage
On its way
- Awaiting pharmacyComplete.
- ApprovedComplete.
- Being dispensedComplete.
- On its wayCurrent stage.
- To book inNot started.
- Booked inNot started.
The porter has signed for the bag. Ward 12 knows it is coming and who is carrying it.
Illustrative tracker data
When the count is off
When the stock check and balance don’t match
On paper, this is where a page gets messy. In Acute-CD it stays simple: the count goes on the register, the discrepancy is flagged, and an incident is raised.
The discrepancy is flagged
The count is recorded exactly as it was made, by the two people who made it, and the mismatch is flagged on the register for pharmacy to see.
An incident is raised
The incident carries the register, the count and the people involved, ready for investigation.
The record stays complete
The count, the mismatch and every entry before it stay on the register, so the investigation starts from a full record.
| Time | Entry | In | Out | Balance | Signed | Witness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10:06 | Received from pharmacy, batch AB1234 | 10 | 14 | S. Kowalski | M. Oduya | |
| 14:30 | Administered to Jane Doe | 1 | 13 | S. Kowalski | M. Oduya | |
| 22:00 | Stock check: 12 counted Does not match the balance of 13 Incident INC-0193 raised | 13 | A. Patel | D. Hughes |
For the Controlled Drugs Accountable Officer
Every cupboard on every site, on one screen
Acute-CD mirrors how your organisation is structured: organisation, site, area, location. The CDAO sees the whole network; a clinical area sees its own cupboard.
Dashboards across sites
Registers and open incidents for each site in one place.
An audit timeline
Every entry, signature and witness for any register, in order.
Your data, yours to keep
You own your data and can export it at any time.
Strict tenancy
Your registers are visible to your organisation and no other.
| Site | Registers | Open discrepancies | Stock checks overdue |
|---|---|---|---|
| Site A | 142 | 1 | 0 |
| Site B | 38 | 0 | 2 |
Who built it
Built by two hospital pharmacists who know the struggle of paper CD registers
EMESO’s founders trained at the UCL School of Pharmacy and between them spent 18 years as hospital pharmacists in North London NHS trusts before moving into technology. With experience as a Medicines Safety Officer and an EPMA Lead Pharmacist, they are well placed to tackle this area of clinical modernisation and medicines safety.
Read how EMESO started
Cynthia MbuluCo-Founder and CTO
Chandni KhanderiaCo-Founder and COO
Supported by
The next stop: a demo of Acute-CD
We’d love to chat with you to understand your CD management pain points, and see how we can improve your organisation’s medicines safety outcomes.



