Acute-CDThe electronic controlled drugs register for healthcare organisations

Say goodbye to paper CD registers 

Controlled drug records are still largely manual, paper-based and fragmented. Acute-CD records each controlled drug from pharmacy goods-in to the patient, digitally. CD management never looked so good.

Controlled drug register

Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL solution for injection ampoules

Ward 12, CD cupboard

Schedule
2
Unit
ampoule
Page
14
Example register page for Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection on Ward 12. Illustrative data.
Date and timeReceived from, supplied to or patientQty inQty outBatchMade byWitnessed byBalance
Brought forward from page 134
2 Nov 202608:12
Received from pharmacyRequisition R-2291, porter hand-over signed
10
none
MS2417exp 08/2028
J. ReyesStaff nurse
L. HaddadSigned 08:14
14
2 Nov 202610:40
Administered, bed 7Hospital number ending 3381
none
1
MS2417
A. OseiStaff nurse
J. ReyesSigned 10:41
13
2 Nov 202614:05
Administered, bed 35mg given, 5mg wasted and witnessed
none
1
MS2417
L. HaddadCharge nurse
A. OseiSigned 14:06
12
2 Nov 202622:00
Stock check12 counted, matches the balance
none
none
MS2417
A. OseiStaff nurse
L. HaddadSigned 22:03
12

Illustrative register data

Why Acute-CD

The problem with paper CD registers

Medicines safety processes, especially for controlled drugs, are still largely manual, paper-based and fragmented. That leads to inefficiency, delays and medicines-related errors.

  • 2,899 unaccounted lossesof controlled drugs reported to Controlled Drugs Accountable Officers in England in 2018/19.1
  • 1,387 reportsof controlled drugs lost, stolen or missing in 2018/19.2
  • 43% of the timetaken to dispense a controlled drug went on the register entry and the stock balance check, in one UK hospital pharmacy.3

What changes with Acute-CD

  • Fewer trips and phone callsPorters no longer carry CD books to pharmacy, and nurses no longer phone pharmacy to order or chase.
  • A live balanceThe running balance is always up to date, so discrepancies surface quickly. No more combing through paper CD registers: incident management never felt so good.
  • A more robust audit trailEvery entry is signed by a named member of staff and timed, so there’s no more deciphering handwriting or initials.
  • Less friction between teamsLess paperwork and less chasing for nursing and pharmacy staff.
  • No register books to buyNo CD register or requisition books to order, store or replace.
  • PaperlessBetter for the environment, with nothing to file or archive on paper.

Sources

  1. Care Quality Commission, The safer management of controlled drugs: annual update 2018, July 2019.
  2. NHS England CD reporting tool, via FOI, reported in The Pharmaceutical Journal, 8 November 2019.
  3. O’Kane A et al., Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, “Automated dispensing systems for the safe management of controlled drugs”, Hospital Healthcare Europe, 25 February 2023.

The route

Every movement of a controlled drug, from the supplier to the patient

Each stop is an entry on the register, signed by the person handing over and the person receiving. Choose a stop to see its entry.

The route of one controlled drug through a healthcare organisation: eight stops from the supplier, through pharmacy, to Ward 12 and the patient. Custody passes from pharmacy to Ward 12 when the porter signs.

Stop 1 of 8

Supplier

A CD order is placed with the wholesaler. When the delivery arrives, pharmacy checks it against the order before it goes on the register.

Expected at Pharmacy CD cupboardAwaiting receipt
Ordered
2 packs of 10 ampoules
From
WholesalerDelivery note DN-55021
Pharmacy register balance8

CD Register: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection

Stop 2 of 8

Pharmacy goods-in

The delivery is counted and entered on the register for this product in this cupboard. Batch, expiry and brand are recorded once, here, and travel with the stock.

Pharmacy CD cupboardSigned and witnessed
Entry
Stock receipt, 20 ampoules
Batch and expiry
AB1234, 31/03/2028
Recorded by
R. Shah, Pharmacy technicianSigned 08:47
Witnessed by
L. Mensah, PharmacistSigned 08:49
Pharmacy register balance828+20Balance rose from 8 to 28 ampoules.

CD Register: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection

Stop 3 of 8

Ward 12 requisition, approved

Ward 12 asks for stock in Acute-CD instead of the carbonless requisition book, and a pharmacist approves it.

Requisition R-20418Approved
Requested
10 ampoules for Ward 12
Ward stock now
4 ampoules
Requested by
J. Byrne, Ward managerSigned 07:40
Approved by
L. Mensah, PharmacistSigned 09:05
Pharmacy register balance28

CD Register: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection

Stop 4 of 8

Picked and issued

Ten ampoules from batch AB1234 are picked against the requisition, checked by a second person, and issued. The pharmacy page goes down by exactly what left the cupboard.

Pharmacy CD cupboardSigned and checked
Entry
Issue to Ward 12Against R-20418
Quantity
10 ampoules, batch AB1234
Picked by
R. Shah, Pharmacy technicianSigned 09:20
Checked by
L. Mensah, PharmacistSigned 09:31
Pharmacy register balance2818−10Balance fell from 28 to 18 ampoules.

CD Register: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection

Stop 5 of 8

The porter signs for the bag

Pharmacy hands the sealed bag over and the porter signs for it, with their own login. The requisition’s status updates to ‘in transit’, so everyone stays in the loop.

Hand-over for R-20418Signed by both
Handed over by
R. Shah, Pharmacy technicianSigned 09:41
Received by
T. Adeyemi, PorterSigned 09:41
Bag
Sealed, tag 00441710 ampoules, batch AB1234
In transit10In T. Adeyemi’s custody

Stop 6 of 8

Ward 12 books it in

Two approved members of staff open the bag, count it, and book it into the register for Ward 12’s CD cupboard.

Ward 12 CD cupboardSigned and witnessed
Entry
Received from pharmacyR-20418, tag 004417
Quantity
10 ampoules, batch AB1234
Recorded by
S. Kowalski, Registered nurseSigned 10:06
Witnessed by
M. Oduya, Registered nurseSigned 10:06
Ward 12 register balance414+10Balance rose from 4 to 14 ampoules.

CD Register: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection

Stop 7 of 8

Administered to a named patient

One ampoule is drawn up for a prescribed 5 mg dose. The entry names the patient, the dose given and the amount left over, and the witness signs for what they saw.

Ward 12 CD cupboardSigned and witnessed
Patient
Jane DoeHospital number 1234567
Dose given
5 mg (0.5 mL) intravenousFrom 1 ampoule, batch AB1234
Given by
S. Kowalski, Registered nurseSigned 14:30
Witnessed by
M. Oduya, Registered nurseSigned 14:31
Ward 12 register balance1413−1Balance fell from 14 to 13 ampoules.

CD Register: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection

Stop 8 of 8

Wastage recorded

The 5 mg left in the ampoule is recorded as wastage, denatured, and witnessed as a new entry against the patient’s administration.

Ward 12 CD cupboardSigned and witnessed
Entry
Wastage, denaturedLinked to the 14:30 administration
Amount
5 mg in 0.5 mLCD denaturing kit
Recorded by
S. Kowalski, Registered nurseSigned 14:33
Witnessed by
M. Oduya, Registered nurseSigned 14:33
Ward 12 register balance13Unchanged

CD Register: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection

Signed legHand-off with two signaturesDepartmentIllustrative register data

Second signatures

Every witness signs as themselves

Every entry that needs a witness is signed with the witness’s own credentials: their own login, not a typed name or a tick in a box.

Entry made by

Registered nurse, signed in as themselves

Administered a CD to a named patientSigned
Witnessed by

A second registered professional, with their own login

Confirms what they sawSigned
  • Signed, not named

    A witness proves who they are at the moment of signing. The entry carries a signature, not a name someone typed.

  • No shared logins

    Signing as the witness doesn’t sign anyone out of the shared PC, so the person who made the entry stays where they were.

  • The same rule everywhere

    Receipts, administrations, wastage, destruction and stock checks all follow it, on every clinical area.

The clinical area’s view

Ward 12 can see where its order is, without phoning pharmacy

Every requisition moves through the same six stages, in order. Each is stamped with who moved it and when.

Requisition R-20418

Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injection, 10 ampoules

Pharmacy to Ward 12

Current stage

On its way

  1. Awaiting pharmacy07:40, J. ByrneComplete.
  2. Approved09:05, L. MensahComplete.
  3. Being dispensed09:20, R. ShahComplete.
  4. On its way09:41, T. AdeyemiCurrent stage.
  5. To book inNot yetNot started.
  6. Booked inNot yetNot started.

The porter has signed for the bag. Ward 12 knows it is coming and who is carrying it.

Illustrative tracker data

When the count is off

When the stock check and balance don’t match

On paper, this is where a page gets messy. In Acute-CD it stays simple: the count goes on the register, the discrepancy is flagged, and an incident is raised.

  1. The discrepancy is flagged

    The count is recorded exactly as it was made, by the two people who made it, and the mismatch is flagged on the register for pharmacy to see.

  2. An incident is raised

    The incident carries the register, the count and the people involved, ready for investigation.

  3. The record stays complete

    The count, the mismatch and every entry before it stay on the register, so the investigation starts from a full record.

Ward 12 route: booked in and administered are signed legs; the stock check leg is flagged with a discrepancy.
Ward 12 CD cupboard: Morphine sulfate 10mg/1mL injectionIllustrative register page, 1 November 2026
TimeEntryInOutBalanceSignedWitness
10:06Received from pharmacy, batch AB12341014S. KowalskiM. Oduya
14:30Administered to Jane Doe113S. KowalskiM. Oduya
22:00Stock check: 12 counted
Does not match the balance of 13
Incident INC-0193 raised
13A. PatelD. Hughes

For the Controlled Drugs Accountable Officer

Every cupboard on every site, on one screen

Acute-CD mirrors how your organisation is structured: organisation, site, area, location. The CDAO sees the whole network; a clinical area sees its own cupboard.

  • Dashboards across sites

    Registers and open incidents for each site in one place.

  • An audit timeline

    Every entry, signature and witness for any register, in order.

  • Your data, yours to keep

    You own your data and can export it at any time.

  • Strict tenancy

    Your registers are visible to your organisation and no other.

An organisation's network drawn as a route map. The organisation branches into Site A and Site B. Site A has Ward 12, with a CD cupboard, and Theatre 3, with a CD cupboard. Site B has ED, with an automated dispensing cabinet. A dashed boundary marks the edge of your organisation.
Registers by siteIllustrative layout, not real data
SiteRegistersOpen discrepanciesStock checks overdue
Site A14210
Site B3802
See the registers on each site, as the CDAO does.
Hosted in the UKYour register data stays in a UK data centre.
WCAG 2.2 AAUsable with a keyboard, a screen reader or a tired eye at 3am.
Runs in the browserOn the PCs and tablets you already have.

Who built it

Built by two hospital pharmacists who know the struggle of paper CD registers

EMESO’s founders trained at the UCL School of Pharmacy and between them spent 18 years as hospital pharmacists in North London NHS trusts before moving into technology. With experience as a Medicines Safety Officer and an EPMA Lead Pharmacist, they are well placed to tackle this area of clinical modernisation and medicines safety.

Read how EMESO started
  • Portrait of Cynthia MbuluCynthia MbuluCo-Founder and CTO
  • Portrait of Chandni KhanderiaChandni KhanderiaCo-Founder and COO

Supported by

  • NHS Clinical Entrepreneur Programme
  • DigitalHealth.London
  • Health Innovation Network South London

The next stop: a demo of Acute-CD

We’d love to chat with you to understand your CD management pain points, and see how we can improve your organisation’s medicines safety outcomes.

Book a demo